Flood Suspended Sediment Transport: Combined Modelling from Dilute to Hyper-concentrated Flow

YesDuring flooding, the suspended sediment transport usually experiences a wide-range of dilute to hyper-concentrated suspended sediment transport depending on the local flow and ground con-ditions. This paper assesses the distribution of sediment for a variety of hyper-concentrated and dilute flows. Due to the differences between hyper-concentrated and dilute flows, a linear-power coupled model is proposed to integrate these considerations. A parameterised method combining the sediment size, Rouse number, mean concentration, and flow depth parameters has been used for modelling the sediment profile. The accuracy of the proposed model has been verified against the reported laboratory measurements and comparison with other published analytical methods. The proposed method has been shown to effectively compute the concentration profile for a wide range of suspended sediment conditions from hyper-concentrated to dilute flows. Detailed com-parisons reveal that the proposed model calculates the dilute profile with good correspondence to the measured data and other modelling results from literature. For the hyper-concentrated profile, a clear division of lower (bed-load) to upper layer (suspended-load) transport can be observed in the measured data. Using the proposed model, the transitional point from this lower to upper layer transport can be calculated precisely

Survey of 'Fusarium' species associated with crown rot of wheat and barley in eastern Australia

'Fusarium' species associated with crown rot were isolated and identified from 409 wheat, barley or durum wheat crops from the eastern Australian grain belt between 1996 and 1999. 'Fusarium pseudograminearum' was almost the only species isolated from crops inQueensland and New South Wales. 'F. pseudograminearum' was also the most common species in Victoria and South Australia, but 'F. culmorum' was frequently isolated in these states. 'F. culmorum' accounted for more than 70% of isolates from the Victorian high rainfall (>500 mm) region and the South-East region of South Australia. 'F. culmorum' comprised 18% of isolates from the Victorian medium rainfall (350-500 mm) region, and 7% of isolates from each of the Victorian low rainfall region and the Mid-North region of South Australia.'F. avenaceum', 'F. crookwellense' and 'F. graminearum' were isolated very infrequently. The proportion of 'F. culmorum' among isolates of 'Fusarium' from districts in Victoria and South Australia was strongly correlated with climatic conditions around the end of the growingseason, especially with rainfall in November

Identification of multiple root disease resistant wheat germplasm against cereal nematodes and dryland root rot and their validation in regions of economic importance

História da literatura portuguesa coordenada por Giulia Lanciani - primeiras páginas de um total pp. 7-108)História literária do século XVIII portuguêsGoverno de Portuga

Review of Suspended Sediment Transport Mathematical Modelling Studies

YesThis paper reviews existing studies relating to the assessment of sediment concentration profiles within various flow conditions due to their importance in representing pollutant propagation. The effects of sediment particle size, flow depth, and velocity were considered, as well as the eddy viscosity and Rouse number influence on the drag of the particle. It is also widely considered that there is a minimum threshold velocity required to increase sediment concentration within a flow above the washload. The bursting effect has also been investigated within this review, in which it presents the mechanism for sediment to be entrained within the flow at low average velocities. A review of the existing state-of-the-art literature has shown there are many variables to consider, i.e., particle density, flow velocity, and turbulence, when assessing the suspended sediment characteristics within flow; this outcome further evidences the complexity of suspended sediment transport modelling

REVIEW OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MATHEMATICAL MODELLING STUDIES

This paper reviews existing studies relating to the assessment of sediment concentration profiles within various flow conditions due to their importance in representing pollutant propagation. The effects of sediment particle size, flow depth, and velocity were considered, as well as the eddy viscosity and Rouse number influence on the drag of the particle. It is also widely considered that there is a minimum threshold velocity required to increase sediment concentration within a flow above the washload. The bursting effect has also been investigated within this review, in which it presents the mechanism for sediment to be entrained within the flow at low average velocities. A review of the existing state-of-the-art literature has shown there are many variables to consider, i.e., particle density, flow velocity, and turbulence, when assessing the suspended sediment characteristics within flow; this outcome further evidences the complexity of suspended sediment transport modelling

Fungicide resistance management in Australian grain crops

Fungicide resistance is a serious and increasing problem in cropping systems worldwide. Fungicides are an important component of integrated disease management strategies for the protection of crops from the impacts of fungal diseases. However, as their use has increased, the effectiveness of some fungicides has been reduced by the development of fungicide resistant pathogen populations. Without intervention, more fungicides are likely to become ineffective